Sob os auspícios do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, do Rio de Janeiro, o autor teve ocasião de examinar algumas centenas de Peixe-Rei, da especie Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard), peixes que foram capturados em frente à Base de Pesquisa que o Instituto Oceanográfico mantém em Cananéia, no litoral sul do E. de S. Paulo. Por ocasião dessa investigação, foram encontradas diversas larvas de Lernaeenicus longiventris Wilson, em estádios idênticos e até anteriores aos observados por Gurney (1947, p. 135-137), em L. sprattae. O autor descreve e dá as medidas dessas larvas, refere-se a algumas etapas do seu desenvolvimento, fazendo considerações a respeito da sua capacidade de resistência.

The author had the opportunity to examine therinid fishes of the species Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard), searching parasitic copepods. In this study various stages of larval development of Lernaeenicus longiventris Wilson were found. The crustacean embeded in tissues of the hosts, were quite similar to those of Gurney's larval stages found on the Sprat, with the only difference that these were youngest. Various stages of the copepodit development were observed during 1952-1954 at the laboratory of the Research Station of the Oceanographic Institute (Cananéia, southern coast of S. Paulo State, Brazil). These larvae were described and a comparison of the young and adult appendages was made. The resistence of the larvae was also considered. The author wishes to express his sincerest thanks to the National Research Council (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas) of Rio de Janeiro, for a grant in aid.

Neste trabalho, descreve-se Neopercis atlanticus meridionalis n. subsp., da região leste meridional do Brasil. Em 1950, o autor recebeu para estudo uma coleção de peixes capturados durante a excursão efetuada à Ilha da Trindade, pelos barcos "Vega e "Baependi". A maior parte desse material já foi estudada (Carvalho 1950, p. 97-133), restando alguns exemplares cuja determinação não poude ser feita, na ocasião, por falta da necessária bibliografia. Além disso, no trabalho acima citado, ao ser feita referência a Neopercis sp., devido a um erro tipográfico que passou desapercebido, foi dito que o exemplar possuía "93 ou 94 escamas ao longo da linha lateral", quando se deveria ter dito "73 ou 74 escamas". Aproveita, assim, o autor, a oportunidade que se lhe oferece para corrigir o engano e descreve a nova subespécie que se distingue tanto de N. atlanticus como de N. multifasciata, por possuir maior número de acúleos e raios flexíveis na nadadeira dorsal e por ter também maior quantidade de escamas ao longo da linha lateral. Além disso, foi levado em consideração o isolamento geográfico da nova subespécie (23º de lat. S), parecendo ao autor não ser ela capaz de atingir o limite de dispersão geográfica da espécie típica.

In this paper the author describes a new subspecies of a perciform fish - Neopercis atlanticus meridionalis - from the southeast region of Brazil (Cabo Frio - 23º lat. S). In 1950 the author received a collection of fishes gathered during the voyage made by the Instituto Oceanográfico to the Trindade Island (20º30' lat. S - 29º22' Long. W) . Most of the material has already been studied (Carvalho 1950, p. 97-133), and a few remaining specimens were not determined at the time owing to lack of the necessary bibliography. In the above mentioned paper, when Neopercis sp. is referred to, through a printing error, it was said that the specimens had "93 or 94 scales along the lateral line", instead of "73 or 74 scales". Thus, the author takes the opportunity to correct that misprinting and to describe a new subspecies which differs from N. atlanticus (Vaillant) and N. multifasciata (Dõderlein), on account of its greater number of scales along the lateral line. The geographic isolation of this new subspecies has been considered and it seems that it does not reach the habitual geographic dispersion of the typical species.

The study of the brazilian Atherinidae has not yet been developed. Besides Jordan & Hubb's work (1919, p. 187) and Schultz's revision, very little can be found on the matter. This explains the author's preocupation of examining sistematically the shoals he was given. As a result, a specimen of a genus not yet recorded for brazilian waters has been found in Cananéia, South coast of São Paulo State (Brazil), which has been properly named as Adenops by Schultz. The comparative study of this specimen in relation to those from Colombia and Venezuela, as well as the geographic isolation of the species have given the author the conviction of it being a new species not yet described to which he suggests the name of Adenops dissimilis n. sp. Table 1 presents the comparison of the supposed new species with A. analis and A. argenteus; it has been verified that there were divergencies not only on most of the biometric data but there were also divergents characteristics among the three species. Quick comments are made on the ecology; stomach content has been examined as well as the ecto and endo parasites the results compared with those of the Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaim.).

This work deals with Bomolochus xenomelanirisi n.sp. - Copepoda Cyclopoida - that was found as parasite on Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard), a fish inhabiting the south seashore region of São Paulo State (Brazil). On examining 100 fishes, the author found 30 ♀ ♀ and 14 ♂ ♂ , all of which were attached to the internal portion of the posterior region of the opérele. The new species here described is related to Bomolochus nitidus and B.exilipes, both described by Wilson, but differs from them by the shape of the maxilliped, by the greater number of setae of the first maxilla, by the lenght of the second antennae, by the strongest armature of the first antennae and by the shape and number of the eggs contained in the ovigerous sacs. The author describes male and female, illustrating the descriptions with 21 drawings. Some ecological notes are presented. The author is indebted to the National Research Council (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas) of Rio de Janeiro, for a grant in aid, for which thanks are due.

During 1952-53, while studying the parasitic copepods of some brazilian fishes, at the laboratory of the Research Station of the Oceanographie Institute (Cananéia, southern coast of S. Paulo State. Brazil), the author found 87 copepods of the genus Lernaeenicus, 176 of the genus Fomolochus and 2.093 of the genus Ereasilus. These copepods were obtained from the gills of the mugilid fish Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Q & G.). In this paper the author deals only with specimens of the genus Ergasilus since the other two genera, Lernaeenicus (Carvalho 1953, p. 191-190) and Bomolochus (Carvalho 1955, p. 143-151) were already studied previously. The species now described, according to the key of Wilson (1911, p.327) is related to sieboldii, lizae, nanus and versicolor, but differs from them by various important characters. A diagnosis of the new species is presented and comparisons are made with the related ones. Some considerations concerning the parasitism of the young fishes by leaches probably belonging to the family Ichthyobdellidae are presented, as well as references about two cases of parasitism by isopods and a few laboratory experiments related to the study of the nauplius stages of Lernaeenicus. The author is indebted, with due thanks, to the National Research Council (Conselho Nacional de Fesquisas) of Rio de Janeiro, for a grant in aid.

Gathering regular samples of "Peixe-rei" from the southern coast of the State of S.Paulo (Brazil), the author examined 374 specimens distributed as follows: 805 specimens caught monthly from March 20, 1952, to February 19, 1963; 39 caught in December 18, 1961, all at the same place and 30 collected at the mouth of the Santo Amaro River, in Santos. Sohultz (1949, p. 107) referring to specimens from Venezuela, in consequence of the enormous variation and small series of specimens at his disposal, had written: "...it is not possible to separate the Lago de Maracaibo population from that of the Gulf of Venezuela or of Brazil. Perhaps when an adequate number of specimens has been studied throughout the range of this species, it may be possible to break it up into subspecies. " This is the problem that the author has been trying to solve. Receiving regular samples of different age groups the author studied them carefully and concluded that he was dealing with the same species described by Quoy & Gaimard under the name of Atherina brasiliens is and, at present, included by Schultz in the genus Xenomelaniris. A comparison with 30 specimens from Santos, an harbour located in the central portion of the State coast, was made. Beginning his paper with a few considerations about the research made in relation to the South American representatives of the family Atherinidae, the author follows with an analysis of the biometrioal data obtained from the specimens collected. These data were confronted with the ones given by other authors and only slight differences in relation to number of scales and vertebrae were observed. For the time being the author believes in the existence of a mixture of genotypioal and phenotypioal characters interfering with the perfect distinction between the population of Lago de Maracaibo, Gulf of Venezuela and Brazil. Due to the difficulties of interpretation and the small differences observed in the confrontation of data, the author sees no convenience, at least for the moment, in separating the population of the State of S.Paulo into a new subspeoifioal unit. The information available concerning this species being rather poor, the author thought it useful to give the diagnosis of the specimen studied and presents a photo for illustration. A few complementary considerations are also made pointing out small osteological divergences between the material studied by the author and some diagrammatic drawings from Schultz (1948, p. 35). TheBe divergences may be attributed to the scarcity of material with which the North American author had worked. Summing up his work the author makes a reference to the presence of teeth of substitution in the maxila and mandibula of the Peixe-rei, and mentions some of the frequent anomalies found in the branchial lamelae or gill rakers of the specimen examined.

Sob os auspicios do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, do Rio de Janeiro, durante os anos de 1952-53, o autor passou a examinar, sistemáticamente, exemplares da fauna ictiológica do litoral sul do E. de S.Paulo, colhendo material e dados que lhe permitissem promover a revisão de algumas familias de peixes. Estudando a família Atherinidae, na coleta n. 7, de 18-6-952, de Cananéia, deparou o autor com um exemplar do gênero Xenomelaniris, portador de evidente deformação da coluna vertebral (Foto n. 1). Não dispondo o Instituto Oceanográfico de um pequeno aparelho de raios X que permitisse obter documentação adequada para ilustrar o caso, recorreu o autor à técnica de diafanização de Hollister. Dessa maneira, as primeiras observações foram feitas por transparência. Em seguida, como de tecidos já diafanizados ainda impedissem a perfeita visibilidade e não permitissem o reconhecimento de pequenos detalhes, foi retirada reduzida porção do tecido que recobria a coluna vertebral, o suficiente, porém, para facilitar o estudo, sem prejudicar a peça. Na Fig. 1, procurou o autor dar uma idéia da região mais deformada. Acha-se ela composta de 6vértebras nas quais, além de pequenas curvaturas, notam-se profundas alterações na morfologia das espinhas hemais e neurais. As 23 primeiras vértebras do espécime examinado são normais. As demais, encontram-se submetidas a deformações bem pronunciadas que o autor aponta detalhadamente. O caso, parece ser idêntico ao estudado por Plehn (1924) e por Steinböck (1928). No entretanto, não se possue qualquer elemento capaz de explicar satisfatoriamente as causas de tais deformações, limitando-se, por isso, o autor a referi-las. A maioria dos autores que se têm ocupado do assunto, atribue anomalias desse tipo a alterações do sistema muscular, e, na realidade, parece ser essa a explicação mais plausivel. Supõe o autor, no entretanto, que outras causas tenham interferido no processo evolutivo do exemplar, sobretudo traumatismos sofridos no periodo larvar ou post-larvar, de natureza a alterar a miodinâmica da musculatura metamerizada, embora sem afetar o desenvolvimento do espécime.

During the years 1952-53 the author has examined systematically specimens of the ichthyologic fauna from the southern coast of the State of S.Paulo (Brazil), gathering material and data in order to make a revision of some fish families found in that region. Studying the family Atherinidae in the collection n. 7, of 6-18-52, from Cananéia, the author came across with a specimen of the genus XenomeIani ris, showing an evident deformation of the vertebral spine (Photo n. 1). The Instituto Oceanográfico not being equipped with a small X-ray apparatus that would allow to make the proper documentation to illustrate the finding the author took advantage of the Hollister technique of diaphanization. In this way the first observations were made by transparence. Following, as the diaphanized tissues would still impede a perfect visibility and the observation of small details was found to be impossible, a small portion of tissue that covered the vertebral spine was removed without injuring the piece, in order to facilitate the study. In Fig. 1, the author tried to give an ideia of the more deformed portion. It is composed of 6 vertebrae in which, together with small curvatures, deep morphological alterations of the hemal and neural spines can be observed. The 23 first vertebrae of the specimen are normal. The other suffered well pronounced deformations that the author shows in detail. The case seems identical to the one studied by Plehn (1924) and Steinböck (1928). However no data could be obtained that would enable to explain satisfactorily the causes of such deformations, and for this reason, the author limits himself to present a list of probable causes. The major part of the authors that have studied the subject attribute anomalies of this type to alterations of the muscular system and, in fact, this seems the most acceptable explanation. Nevertheless the author supposes that other causes have interfered in the evolutive process of the specimen, specially traumatisms suffered in the larval or post-larval period, being of such nature that were capable of altering the myodynamics of the metameric musculature, without affecting, however, the development of the specimen.

This note records the occurrence of a parasitic copepod Lernaeenicus longiventris Wilson, found on Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard). 285 specimens of Atherinidae caught at Cananeia in the waters in front of the Research Base of this Institute were used in this investigation. In this material the author found 79 infested specimens (23 <img src="/img/revistas/bioce/v4n1-2/a08img01.jpg" align=absmiddle>and 56 <img src="/img/revistas/bioce/v4n1-2/a08img02.jpg" align=absmiddle>) which amounts to 27,7% of the total. After making a reference to the presence of epizoic organisms that were only found on the samples of December 1952 and January 1953 the author shows the parasit distribution on each sex being evident that the female specimens were more subject to parasitism. In the opinion of the authors majority the individuals of the genus Lernaeenicus penetrate in the host flesh in search of vasculated zones in order to obtain a blood supply as food. Although in some cases it seems that this tendency actually exists, the writer was able to find in the major part of his observations that the parasit had followed an absolutely superficial path which is a fact that invalidates totally the hypothesis that the parasits are properly hematophagous but instead it shows that they feed almost exclusively on their hosts tissues lymph. Three cases of fixation of the parasit in the ocular zone are recorded by the author snowing that the larvae not always penetrates in the conjunctival dermal layer. The eyes parasits have not been found structurally different from the other specimens found on other parts of the body as it has been stated by some authors.

This work is based on the study of 12 samples of specimens of Peixe-Rei, Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard), that were caught, one sample per month, in the waters in front of the Base that the Institute maintains in Cananéia, in the south coast of S. Paulo State. Of the total catch 240 specimens were separated, that is, 20 specimens each month, and the gastro-intestinal contents were studied. As per page 134 the principal components found were the following, by order of importance: 1) Vegetal organic matter and vegetal detritus; 2) Crustacea; 3) Fishes; 4) Several Algæ; 5) Insecta; 6) Mollusca; 7) Protozoa and 8) Worms. Sand was computed in some extent, the percentage of amorphic matter completely digested and not liable of determination being relatively low. The author expends his opinions about each one of the components found presenting in one table and two graphs their mean relative frequency. This mean relative frequency was found to be very irregular. A conclusion is drawn that the species is a great consumer of vegetal organic matter and vegetal detritus, which were, otherwise, prominently found in all planctonic collections made at the same period, in the same region. In second place are the crustacea, mainly represented by Copepoda and the occurrence, although not very frequent, of a few young and adult shrimps from the genus Peneus (P. schmitti Burkenroad?). The more or less sporadic appearance of Crangon sp., C. armillatus, Palæmonetes (Paleander) northropi and Periclemenes sp. is also recorded. Besides a few Isopoda probably swallowed together with their hosts, some Amphipoda and Tainaidacea were found although in small quantities. A few samples showed substantial quantities of Cypris of Cirripedia, evidently from the genera Balanus and Cthamalus commonly found in the region. Fish remains were abundant only during two months, being scarce the rest of the time. Greater occurrence of specimens belonging to the genus Xenomelaniris was evident, showing that the school's individuals devour each other. Although monocellular algæ were always very abundantly found in the plancton collections made during the period under study, their mean frequency in the stomach contents never reached a high mark. Concerning the species under study it is therefore not possible to apply the usual conception of researchers that "all fish is diatoms". The average frequency of Insecta, Mollusca, Protozoa and Worms in general was also found to be very low. Insecta seem to happen only by accident their ingestion occurring probably while fluttering about on the water surface; in relation to Hemiptera the author believes that these were draggled together with stems of dry vegetais swept out by the tides movements from the mangrove margin. Mollusca and Protozoa were always very rare. Regarding worms only a few Polichæta may have been ingested intentionally. The Nematoda and Trematoda occasionally found are evidently endo-parasits of the species itself or from any other that may have been ingested. Xenomelaniris brasiliensis is therefore an omnivorous species, great consumer of vegetal detritus, which is, certainly, a character that typifies very well the group to which belong the other components of sub-order Mugiloidei.

Neste trabalho, estudam-se 27 espécies de foraminiferos colecionados ao longo da costa do E. de São Paulo. Para tanto, operaram os autores em seis praias principais, como sejam: Praia do Rabo Azedo, na Ilha de São Sebastião, praia das Flexeiras, situada no continente, próximo à cidade de São Sebastião, Ponta da Praia e Boqueirão, em Santos, praia de Itararé, em São Vicente e Praia de Fora, na Ilha Comprida, em Cananéia. Efetuaram-se coletas no canal de São Sebastião bem como èm regiões próximas a Caraguatatuba e Ubatuba, além de pontos situados na entrada da barra de Cananéia e adjacências das ilhas de Bom Abrigo, Vitória e Anchieta. Os trabalhos de dragagem foram efetuados era profundidades que oscilaram entre 0m80 e 12 metros. Das 27 espécies relacionadas até o presente, 21 são provenientes do litoral norte, das quais 3 ocorrem também no centro do litoral do Estado (Santos e São Vicente). Seis são da região sul da costa bandeirante (Cananéia). Dentre as praias visitadas, as do litoral norte revelaram-se mais produtivas, salientando-se, entre todas, a Praia das Flexeiras. Embora menos rica, a Praia de Itararé forneceu material variado e interessantíssimo. Em relação aos gêneros representados pelo maior número de espécies, figuram, em primeiro lugar: Quinqueloculina e Discorbis, vindo a seguir o gênero Bolivina. Embora fazendo-se representar por pequeníssimo número de exemplares, o gênero Lagena segue aos acima referidos posto que até agora, tenha sido representado somente por duas espécies. Os demais 14 figuraram, cada um, com uma só espécie. Os autores investigaram, preliminarmente, o grupo sob o prisma puramente taxonómico para conhecimento das principais espécies ocorrentes no litoral do E. de São Paulo, tencionando prosseguir, em maior profundidade, na pesquisa biológica e, sobretudo, ecológica. Assim, investigam a ocorrência de determinadas formas nas diversas estações do ano, acompanhando a sua distribuição, tanto no estado planctónico como no sessil, quer nas praias, como nos sedimentos dos fundos, com o objetivo de conhecer a sua penetração e distribuição nos ambientes de águas salobras e doces do litoral paulista.

In this paper are recorded 27 different species of Foraminifera collected along the coast of the State of São Paulo. The specimens were collected mainly at six points: "Rabo Azedo" beach in the Island of São Sebastião; "Flexeiras" beach, on the continent, near to the town of São Sebastião; beaches of "Ponta da Praia" and "Boqueirão" in the Bay of Santos; "Itararé" beach at São Vicente and "Praia de Fora", the beach of the "Ilha Comprida" (Long Island) at Cananéia. Collects were also effected in the channel of São Sebastião and at places near Caraguatatuba and Ubatuba, at spots located at the entrance of the bar of Cananéia and near the islands "Bom Abrigo", "Vitória" and 'Anchieta". Dredgings were done at depths varying from 0.80 to 12 meters. Of the 27 species recorded until now, 21 are from the northern coast of the State, 3 of which are present also in the central region (Santos and São Vicente) ; 6 species are from the southern coast of the State. The richest collects were from the northern litoral, especially so at the beach of "Flexeira'. The beach of Itararé although poorer in abundance produced a varied and most interesting material. In what concerns the genera represented by the greater number of species, are in first place Quinqueloculina and Discorbis, followed by Bolivina. Next comes Lagena with up to now only two species. The remaining 14 genera are represented by only one species. The authors studied the group only under an entirely taxonomic point of view to know which are the commonest species that occur on the coast of the State; they intend later to pursue biological and ecological researches in the group. Researches are being effected to study the occurence of certain forms in the different seasons, their distribution, both in the planctonic and sessil stage, on the beaches and bottom deposits, aiming at discovering their penetration and distribution in brackish and fresh waters of the littoral region of the State.

Trata-se aqui de um estágio post-larvar de Acanthurus hepatus (L), obtido na Ilha da Trindade (praia das Tartarugas). O autor compara esse exemplar com o que foi descrito por Breder Jr., em 1925 e proveniente de Glover Reef, ao largo do Yucatan.

This note deals with a post-larval stage of the Surgeon-fish, Acanthurus hepatus (L), from Trindade Island (praia das Tartarugas), Brazil, located at 20º 30' 00" S. and long. 29º 22' 00" W., 600 miles off the brazilian coast. The author compares this stage with an identical one described by Breder (1925), from Glover Reef specimens, off Yucatan.

This paper deals with the occurrence of Copepods in the Bay of Santos (State of São Paulo, Brazil) and its surroundings. During 1934-1945 the author collected plankton samples from that region not only to study its various components but especially to test its distribution in the contents of fish's stomachs. Thus, 1.136 samples were gathered, mostly from surface waters, since only 18.6% from intermediary and 8.8% from deep waters. According to the available literature, up to 1939, no important account had been given on the Copepoda from the coast of São Paulo and few works deal with this order from the Brazilian coast in general. Among them Van Douwe (1911; 1912), Wright (1927; 1935; 1936; 1936a; 1937), Kiefer (1935; 1936a; 1936&;) Chappuis (1936), Marsh (1933) and Schubart (1938-1942) who referred to some specimens from the north of Brazil. However, in all these works only brackish and fresh water specimens were considered. Later on, Oliveira (1945-1947) while carrying out researches on the micro crustácea from Guanabara Bay, presented interesting studies on marine species. A list is given of the commonest species collected and the author arrived to the following conclusions: a) excepting the genus Oithona, Paracalanus, Euterpina, Corycaeus and in certain months Acartia that, generally were found throughout the year, there was a great variation of species in the region investigated. b) In a general way, the author could not find that strict subdivision proposed by some authors who proved the existance of an absolute characteristical fauna on the surface, another intermediary one and still a bathipelagial one. This was due, perhaps, to the irregular catches and to the methods employed which could only be improved after 1947. c) Bright light did not cause the accumulation of organisms on the surface, excepting, obviously, the night catches; quite rich catches were made in misty days. d) Winds of high and medium speed had no great effect on the distribution of macroplankton while the rain seemed to help the concentration of Copepods on the surface, at least during the day; strong winds as well heavy rains drawn the plankton deeper down. e) The temperature influentiated the occurrence of material though slight changes had no great effect. f) As it was expected the zooplankton from the Bay of Santos presented the same characteristics as that from the open sea, though it proved to be poorer in quality and concerning some species, reacher in quantity. Some general considerations are made regarding the impure and contaminated water of a large city like Santos. While studying the research methods, the author gives slight references to the migration observed and to geographical distribution of some species.

A presente nota trata de alguns copépodos, parasitos de peixes marítimos, e baseia-se em uma coleção de ecto-parasitos pertencentes às Subordens Cyclopoida, Caligoida e Lernaeopodoida que se encontra no Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia e que foi acumulada entre os anos de 1940 e 1949. Uma parte dos espécimes aqui tratados foi obtida por doação; outra teve por origem as periódicas viagens de estudo efetuadas pelos funcionários do Instituto, ao longo do litoral do Estado de S. Paulo; finalmente, uma pequena parte devida à aquisição de exemplares parasitados, nas feiras e mercados de Santos e S. Paulo. Dessa maneira, conseguiu o autor manipular 117 espécimes pertencentes a 8 famílias, 11 gêneros e 13 espécies diferentes, uma das quais, do gênero Caligus, não pôde ser determinada, por falta de bibliografia. O material foi retirado de 22 espécimes marinhos, entre os quais figuraram apenas 5 fortemente parasitados, contendo 10, 14, 16, 18 e 37 hóspedes. Nenhum dos hóspedes, porém, apresentou qualquer indício de depauperamento orgânico evidente.

The present note represents the inventary of the parasitic copepods found on marine fishes between 1940-1949 and which are kept in the "Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia" (São Paulo Oceanographic Institute). They all belong to the Suborders Cyclopoida, Caligoida and Lernaeopodoida and were partly received as donations and partly collected by the staff of the Institute, during its periodic trips to the coast of the State of São Paulo (Brazil); finally, a small fraction was obtained from parasitized fishes purchased on the markets of Santos an São Paulo. The author, thus, gathered 117 specimens, distributed by 8 families, 11 genera and 13 different species, one of which belongs to the genus Caligus and could not be specifically determined due to the lack of bibliography. The Copepods were obtained from 22 fishes, among which only 5 were abundantly infected and exhibited respectively 10, 14, 16, 18, and 37 parasites. None of the hosts showed any sign of evident organic weakness.

Nos anos de 1948-49, o autor teve ocasião de estudar os representantes da família Engraulidae que frequentam a costa brasileira, pesquisa essa supervisionada gentilmente pelo Dr. Samuel F. Hildebrand, ictiólogo do U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, de Washington. Dessa investigação resultou a conveniência de se identificar e redescrever as espécies que fazem parte das coleções do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia. O presente trabalho é, pois, baseado na revisão das manjubas americanas publicada pelo Dr. Hildebrand em 1943 e no trabalho em que figurou como co-autor: "Notes on some Brazilian anchovies (Family Engraulidae) with description of four new species" (1948). Graças à gentileza do Dr. Hildebrand, foi examinada uma coleção extensa do Museu Nacional dos Estados Unidos. De inestimável valor foi a manipulação de exemplares constantes da coleção do Dr. W. C. Schroeder, do Museu de Zoologia Comparada, especialmente rica em exemplares do Brasil. O autor muito deve ao Dr. Hildebrand pelo trabalho enorme desenvolvido nesse sentido. No texto, obedeceu-se a seqüência sempre uniforme quanto aos caractéres peculiares a cada espécie, de modo a facilitar o estudo, por parte de outras pessoas interessadas no grupo. A distribuição geográfica dos espécimes aqui considerados figura no Mapa n.º 1.

In 1948-1949, the author studied the Brazilian Engraulidae of the genus Anchoviella, under the supervision of the late Dr. Samuel F. Hildebrand, ichthyologist of the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington. It has been found desirable to undertake the identification and redescription of the Brazilian Anchovies from the collections of the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia (São Paulo Oceanographic Institute). This work is then based in the review of the American anchovies published in 1943 by Dr. Hildebrand and in the paper where the author figure as "junior author": "Notes on sobe Brazilian anchovies (Family Engraulidae) with description of four new species" (1948). Through the courtesy of Dr. Hildebrand, a very extensive collection of the U. S. National Museum was available for comparison and study. The principal collection examined was that of Dr. W. C. Schroeder, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, especially rich in specimens from Brazil. The sequence of characters used in the redescriptions is fairly uniform that is, the various characteres commonly reported are named in the same order. This uniform sequence was carried out for the convenience of the student who in using the paper should soon learn where to look the redescription of any particular character he may wish to check. The geographical distribution of the specimens here considered is shown on the accompanying Map.

During April 9 to 15, 1949, some parasitic copepods have been caught at the northern seashore region of São Paulo State (Brazil), in the Channel of São Sebastião. All copepods belong to the family Pseudocycnidae and to the species Pseudocycnus appendiculatus Heller. The animals were found in the gills of Gymnosarda alleterata (Rafinesque). This paper deals with the geographical distribution of the species, for the first time captured in brazilian waters.